Simulation results showing successful blind beacon estimation and Doppler tracking of emulated 5G-NR signals transmitted by Starlink LEO satellites: (a) Left: frame of an observed sample sub-accumulation on the left, Middle: refined repetitive sequence after M sub-accumulations, Right: ground truth repetitive sequence’s frame. (b) In-phase and quadrature (IQ) components of the estimated sequence and the true sequence. (c) Black: true repetitive sequence’s energy. Blue: the energy of the realization shown in (a) and (b). Orange: the expected energy (cf. (18)) of the the estimated sequence ||sˆM ||2 versus the number of observed sub-accumulations M, respectively. (d) The normalized cross-correlation …
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